# Camera Manages viewport priority, render-to-texture, and capture. State is stored in the native `Camera` ECS component; the Rust camera system handles render scheduling and render targets. Public fields: `fov`, `near`, `far`, `priority`, `textureHandle` (the guid of the texture the camera renders into; empty = main viewport), `renderLayers` (which render layers this camera draws — a space-separated spec of names, e.g. `"all"`, `"all !ui"`, or `"default sky"`; `ui`/`sky`/`debug`/`EditorUI` are built-in layers), `postProcessing` (whether this camera runs the post-process chain), `debugChannel`, plus the behavior slot below. Methods: `:lookAt(target)` (entity id string OR `{x, y, z}` table), `:render()`, `:capture()`, `:setTargetTexture(tex?)` (a `renderer.texture.create` handle to render into, or nil for the viewport). ```luau entity(id).component.add("Camera", { fov = 90, priority = 10 }) entity(id).component.get("Camera"):capture() ``` The scene's play-mode camera is reached as `layers.active.camera`, a handle that reads and writes the fields above on whichever entity currently carries them. `layers.active.camera.entity` is the entity ref for that camera and `layers.active.camera.entityId` its id string, so a script that needs to attach something to the camera — an `AudioListener`, a child entity — goes through the ref: ```luau local cam = layers.active.camera cam.fov = 70 -- the camera's settings cam.entity.component.add("AudioListener") -- the entity carrying them ``` ## How the camera moves: `behavior` and `follow` A `Camera` does not move itself. `behavior` names a component that does, and setting it attaches that component to this entity. Clearing it detaches whatever was attached. ```luau local cam = entity(id).component.get("Camera") cam.behavior = asset.ref("@builtin::controller.orbital_follow", "component") cam.follow = playerBody ``` `follow` is the standard slot every shipped behavior reads. Set the follow target on the **Camera**, not on the behavior, so swapping behaviors keeps it. A behavior that finds its own `follow` field empty falls back to this one, which is what lets a rig keep tracking the player across a behavior swap. `followResolves` answers whether that slot names an entity that is live — `true` while it names a live one or names nothing at all, `false` once the target is despawned or the id names no entity. A rig whose target does not resolve holds its last pose, and this is the field that tells it from a rig posed correctly on a subject that has not moved. `camera.get` carries the same value beside `follow`, and a write naming an id with no entity behind it draws a warning where it lands. ```luau cam.followResolves -- false once the followed entity is gone tools.use("camera", "get", id).followResolves -- the same answer off the tool ``` The shipped behaviors live under `@builtin::controller.*`: `orbital_follow`, `third_person_follow`, `first_person`, `free`, `orbit`, `chase`, `isometric`, `rts`, `birds_eye`, `side_scroller`, `cinematic`, `menu`. ## Writing your own Any component can be a camera behavior. Write one that moves its own entity and attach it the same way: ```luau cam.behavior = asset.ref("MyChaseCam", "component") ``` `follow` lives on the Camera, so a behavior gets no property notification of its own when the target changes. Declare `onFollowChanged(newFollow, oldFollow)` to be told the moment it does — the Camera calls it on the component it attached, which is what lets a rig re-pose on the new subject at once. A behavior that reads `Camera.follow` on its own schedule declares nothing and is attached the same way. ```luau typed function public:onFollowChanged(newFollow: any, oldFollow: any) -- pose this entity against the new target end ``` To make it appear in the discovery catalog alongside the shipped ones, declare the `cameraBehavior` tag in the component's `.metadata`: ```json { "tags": ["cameraBehavior"] } ``` The tag governs **discovery**, not attachment. A tagged component is listed by `layers.active.camera.behaviors` and is what tooling offers when something asks "which camera behaviors exist"; an untagged component attaches just as well and simply stays out of that list. Tag the ones you want other people (and agents) to find. ```luau for name, ref in pairs(layers.active.camera.behaviors) do print(name, ref.identity) end ``` ## Texture colour space `textureColorSpace = "display"` applies the display transform when rendering into a texture. `"linear"` writes scene-linear values instead. `postProcessing` independently controls the effects chain in either mode. Floating-point targets retain values above one; normalized targets clamp to their representable range. The main viewport uses display encoding.

# transform Math helpers for positions, rotations, and directions on transforms. Exposed as the global `Transform` table via `--!global Transform` — no explicit require needed in user code. Functions that take an entity accept either an entity ID string or an entity proxy table from `entity("id")`. ## Exports Look-at and entity-aware helpers: - `Transform.lookAtQuat(fx, fy, fz, tx, ty, tz) -> (qx?, qy?, qz?, qw?)` — quaternion from origin toward target. Nil when degenerate. - `Transform.lookAt(entity, txOrTarget, ty?, tz?) -> (boolean, string?)` — make an entity face a world position or another entity. Both slots read world space: the subject and an entity target are read as `entity(id).position` and the aim is written as `entity(id).rotation`, so a parent under either one still leaves the aim on the point named. Returns whether the rotation was written, and the reason when it was not. - `Transform.distance(x1, y1, z1, x2, y2, z2) -> number` — Euclidean distance between two points. - `Transform.distanceBetween(entityA, entityB) -> number?` — distance between two entities' world positions. Nil when either is unresolvable. - `Transform.direction(fromX, fromY, fromZ, toX, toY, toZ) -> (dx, dy, dz)` — unit direction vector. - `Transform.directionBetween(entityA, entityB) -> (dx, dy, dz)` — unit world-space direction between two entities' world positions. Rotation shapes: A quaternion **constructor** here returns the four components as four separate values, so a caller either names them or braces the call to make one table: ```lua local qx, qy, qz, qw = Transform.quatFromAxisAngle(0, 1, 0, math.rad(90)) entity("cam").localRotation = { Transform.quatFromAxisAngle(0, 1, 0, math.rad(90)) } ``` A rotation-taking **surface** reads that table through `Transform.toQuaternion`, which also takes euler DEGREES — so `{ qx, qy, qz, qw }`, `{ x =, y =, z =, w = }`, `{ pitch, yaw, roll }` and `{ pitch =, yaw =, roll = }` all mean the same thing wherever a rotation is assigned: `entity(id).rotation` / `.localRotation`, `entityOps.spawn`, `entityOps.transform`, and the capture viewpoints. - `Transform.toQuaternion(rotation, label?) -> { qx, qy, qz, qw }` — the shared reading of a rotation a caller wrote. Raises when the value matches no form, naming what arrived; a value that is one of the shapes a quaternion helper returns is named as such along with the packing it goes in as. - `Transform.tryQuaternion(rotation, label?) -> ({ qx, qy, qz, qw } | nil, message?)` — the same reading without raising, for a surface that wants to raise the message at its own caller's line. - `Transform.readVec3(value, label?) -> { x, y, z }` — the same for a vector. - `Transform.snapVec3(v, step) -> { x, y, z }` — quantize a vector to a step grid. Quaternion construction / conversion: - `Transform.quatFromYaw(yaw)`, `Transform.quatFromYawPitch(yaw, pitch)`, `Transform.quatFromAxisAngle(ax, ay, az, angle)` — quaternion constructors. - `Transform.quatIdentity()` — identity quaternion. - `Transform.euler(qx, qy, qz, qw) -> (yaw, pitch, roll)` and the named alias `Transform.quatToEuler`. - `Transform.eulerToQuat(yaw, pitch?, roll?)` — euler-to-quaternion in YXZ order. Lerps and interpolation: - `Transform.lerp(ax, ay, az, bx, by, bz, t) -> (x, y, z)` — vec3 lerp. - `Transform.lerp1(a, b, t) -> number` — scalar lerp. - `Transform.normalizeAngle(a) -> number` — wrap angle into `[-pi, pi]`. - `Transform.lerpAngle(a, b, t) -> number` — shortest-arc angle lerp. - `Transform.slerp(ax, ay, az, aw, bx, by, bz, bw, t) -> (qx, qy, qz, qw)` — quaternion slerp with shortest-path and near-parallel fallback. Quaternion operations: - `Transform.quatMul(...) -> (qx, qy, qz, qw)` — `qa * qb` composition. - `Transform.quatInverse(qx, qy, qz, qw) -> (qx, qy, qz, qw)` — inverse (= conjugate for unit quats). - `Transform.quatRotateVec(qx, qy, qz, qw, vx, vy, vz) -> (x, y, z)` — rotate a vec3 by a quaternion. Pose helpers: - `Transform.orbit(centerX, centerY, centerZ, radius, height, angle) -> (x, y, z, qx, qy, qz, qw)` — orbital pose facing the center. - `Transform.worldToLocal(...)` / `Transform.localToWorld(...)` — pose-space conversions. Nested `Transform.vec.*` namespace (component-wise vec3): - `Transform.vec.add`, `sub`, `scale`, `dot`, `cross`, `length`, `normalize`. Types: - `Vec3 = { x: number, y: number, z: number }` - `EntityRef = string | { entityId: string }` ## Usage ```luau -- Look-at by coordinates or by target entity: Transform.lookAt("cam", 0, 1, 0) -- an entity target resolves to that entity's world position local aimed, why = Transform.lookAt("cam", "box") -- Orbit pose around a point: local x, y, z, qx, qy, qz, qw = Transform.orbit(0, 1, 0, 5, 2, t) entity.find("cam").localPosition = { x, y, z } entity.find("cam").localRotation = { qx, qy, qz, qw } -- Quaternion math: local qx, qy, qz, qw = Transform.quatFromYawPitch(math.pi / 4, 0) local sx, sy, sz, sw = Transform.slerp(0, 0, 0, 1, qx, qy, qz, qw, 0.5) -- Component-wise vec3 helpers: local nx, ny, nz = Transform.vec.normalize(1, 1, 0) ``` ## Notes - The `--!global Transform` directive promotes the module's typed functions onto the runtime universe's globals bucket, so `Transform.*` is available without any per-source `require`. - Entity-aware functions (`lookAt`, `distanceBetween`, `directionBetween`) report a missing entity or a missing transform in their return value rather than raising: `lookAt` answers `false, "unresolved"` / `"no-transform"` / `"incomplete-target"` / `"degenerate"`, `distanceBetween` answers `nil`, and `directionBetween` answers zeros. - Quaternion APIs operate on raw `(qx, qy, qz, qw)` tuples for parity with the entity proxy's `localRotation.get`/`set`. Use `Transform.quatIdentity()` rather than hand-rolling `(0, 0, 0, 1)`. - `Transform.slerp` flips the second quaternion if `dot < 0` to take the shortest path, and falls back to lerp+normalize when the inputs are within `dot > 0.9995` to avoid `1/0` near-parallel issues.

# environment Module Environment / reflection capture — bake the scene into reflection-probe cube slots from world positions, persist them as `faces6` `.texture` assets, set per-probe blend data so surfaces reflect the probes covering them, and capture the sky into its own slot as the fallback under them. Public Luau surface over the `__environment` Internal FFI namespace, auto-injected as `_G.environment` via the prelude. ## Purpose The generic "render the scene into a cubemap from a point" capability the reflection-probe system is built on. Captures are queued for the render system (which owns the live scene); `captureSlotToAsset` additionally yields a few frames while the GPU readback completes. Persisted cubes are `faces6` `.texture` assets (px/nx/py/ny/pz/nz PNGs + a `cube.yaml` sidecar — see `docs/specs/cubemap-textures.md` §4 for the face convention). For probe authoring use the higher-level `reflectionProbe` module; reach for `environment` when you need the raw per-slot primitives. ## Usage ```luau -- Register probe blend data: index i maps to cube slot i. environment.setProbes({ { x = 0, y = 2, z = 0, radius = 12 } }) -- Bake slot 0 from a point (queued, next frame). environment.captureSlot(0, 0, 2, 0) -- Bake + persist to /source/probe_lobby.texture/ (yields; call from a -- task/coroutine/execute context). local path, err = environment.captureSlotToAsset("probe_lobby", 0, 0, 2, 0) -- Restore a persisted cube into a slot WITHOUT re-rendering. environment.loadSlotFromAsset("probe_lobby", 0) -- Capture the sky alone into the fallback slot: a surface no probe covers -- reflects the sky rather than black. environment.captureSky() ``` ## Exports - `environment.setProbes(probes) -> boolean` — set active probes' blend data; array of `{ x, y, z, radius, priority? }`, index i → cube slot i, gathered highest `priority` first - `environment.captureSky(x?, y?, z?) -> boolean` — render the sky alone into the fallback slot and arm it (queued) - `environment.setSkyFallback(active) -> boolean` — arm/disarm the fallback against the sky already captured (arming is refused while the slot holds none) - `environment.captureSlot(slot, x, y, z) -> boolean` — bake the scene into a slot from a point (queued) - `environment.captureSlotToAsset(name, slot, x, y, z, timeoutFrames?) -> (string?, string?)` — bake + persist as a `faces6` `.texture`; yields - `environment.loadSlotFromAsset(name, slot) -> (boolean, string?)` — upload a persisted cube into a slot without re-rendering Back-compat single-global-reflection helpers (slot 0 + one full-coverage probe): - `environment.capture(x, y, z) -> boolean` - `environment.captureToAsset(name, x, y, z) -> (string?, string?)` - `environment.loadFromAsset(name) -> (boolean, string?)`